During which phase of the stress response does the fight or flight response occur?

The fight or flight response occurs during the alarm phase of the stress response. This phase is characterized by the body's immediate reaction to a perceived threat or stressor. When a person encounters a stressful situation, the hypothalamus in the brain triggers the adrenal glands to release stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare the body to either confront the threat (the 'fight' response) or escape from it (the 'flight' response).

Physiologically, during the alarm phase, the body undergoes several changes: heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, and energy levels surge, all aimed at priming the individual for rapid action. This is a fundamental survival mechanism that has been preserved throughout evolution, enabling quick responses to potential dangers.

In contrast, other phases such as resistance and exhaustion focus on the body's continued adaptation to stress and the eventual toll that prolonged stress can take, whereas the recovery phase pertains to returning to baseline once the stressor is removed or managed. Thus, understanding that the fight or flight response specifically aligns with the alarm phase highlights its role as the initial strategic response to acute stress.