How might an individual demonstrate the alarm phase of stress?

The alarm phase of stress, as defined by the stress response theory, is the body's immediate reaction to a perceived threat or stressor. During this phase, the body initiates a series of physiological changes as part of the "fight or flight" response. This includes the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body to face the challenge.

Individuals exhibiting the alarm phase will typically show physical signs such as an increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, heightened alertness, and feelings of anxiety. These responses are designed to prime the body for swift action. The experience of anxiety can manifest as worry or even fear, as the person recognizes the stressor and prepares to address it or escape from it.

In contrast, responding with calmness, completely relaxing, or ignoring stressors does not reflect the alarm phase as they suggest a lack of immediate stress response. Calmness and relaxation imply that a person is either coping well with stress or not being affected by it at all, while ignoring stressors may suggest avoidance rather than an acute response to a stressful situation. Therefore, the physiological and emotional indicators of increased heart rate and anxiety are hallmark signs of the alarm phase of stress.