What are the signs of severe allergic reactions?

Severe allergic reactions, also known as anaphylaxis, can present with a range of serious symptoms that can rapidly escalate and require immediate medical attention. The presence of swelling, particularly of the face, throat, or tongue, can lead to constricted airways, making it difficult for the individual to breathe. Hives, which are raised, itchy welts on the skin, can also accompany this swelling and are indicative of an allergic response.

Additionally, signs of shock, such as low blood pressure and rapid pulse, often occur due to the body’s extreme reaction to the allergen, leading to a state where vital organs may not receive enough blood and oxygen. This triad of symptoms—swelling, hives, difficulty breathing, and shock—highlights the critical nature of a severe allergic reaction, distinguishing it from milder allergic responses which may only involve minor irritation or discomfort. The correct answer encompasses the most dangerous indicators that a patient requires urgent intervention, such as an epinephrine injection and transport to a medical facility.