Which condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart?

The condition characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart is angina. Angina occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, typically due to narrowed coronary arteries. This reduced blood flow often leads to the sensation of chest pain or discomfort, which can also be felt in the shoulders, neck, arms, back, teeth, or jaw.

Angina is usually triggered by physical exertion, stress, or other factors that increase the heart's demand for oxygen. The pain experienced during angina typically subsides with rest or the use of medications like nitroglycerin, which can help dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow.

When comparing to other conditions, cardiac arrest refers to an abrupt loss of heart function and does not primarily involve chest pain due to blood flow issues. Myocardial infarction is a more severe condition involving the blockage of blood flow to heart tissue that results in damage; while it can also cause chest pain, it represents an emergency rather than the transient pain seen in angina. Heart failure is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump effectively, but it does not specifically manifest as chest pain due to reduced blood flow.